‫Welcome back.
‫This is a quick optional video that well, with something that you probably won't use, but I want you
‫to just know that it's out there.
‫And that is there's actually an extra data type that I didn't talk about, and it's called complex.
‫And as the name suggests, it's pretty complex.
‫However, a complex number, again, is a number that is a third type instead of int and float.
‫We also have this type for numbers.
‫Now the reason I'm not really teaching complex is that you only use this if you're doing something really,
‫really complex math.
‫Most of the time you'll never use it.
‫I personally have never used it, but it is good to know that it exists.
‫It's the equivalent to a real number and you can read about complex numbers if you want.
‫But again, that's something that you don't need to worry.
‫99.9% of the time.
‫Another thing I want to talk to you about is this idea that these integers and floats get stored, such
‫as five in memory as binary, that is as binary numbers, ones and zeros.
‫And there's actually an action or function that we can use in Python called bin for binary.
‫And you can see that a bin returns the binary representation of an integer.
‫So it's going to return whatever the binary version of five is.
‫If I click run here.
‫Well, I have to print, remember?
‫So let's print.
‫And Click Run.
‫And I get the binary representation now instead of all zeros and ones.
‫There's also this idea of B, and that is what Python uses underneath the hood to say A when I see this
‫number with zero B, that's a binary number.
‫But if I Google binary number five.
‫I see that the binary number for five is 101, which again, that's what we see here.
‫So that's really cool.
‫Really interesting.
‫Just to know that it exists, by the way, just for fun, let's say that we want to turn this into a
‫decimal.
‫Let's say we're the computer and we just retrieve this binary number.
‫I can do it and then wrap this.
‫Like this in single or double quotes.
‫And then with the inte, i can also say, hey, I want this return to a number that is base ten, which
‫is what us humans use.
‫So if I actually do print here.
‫And Click Run.
‫Well, actually, we have to do base two here, right.
‫Because what we're saying is, hey, this number is base two and convert it to integer and base two.
‫Number is all zeros and one.
‫It's a binary number.
‫So if I click run here.
‫Look at that.
‫I get five.
‫So in your head you can think of it this way.
‫When we store a number like five, an integer like five, when a computer retrieves that number, let's
‫say we're doing some addition.
‫Well, it's going to grab this for memory.
‫It's going to say, well, this is a binary number and I'm going to convert it into integer.
‫Very, very cool.
‫Now, the reason I taught this here, you won't see this a lot in beginner courses and especially so
‫early in the course, but I think it's an important principle, although you might not get tested on
‫this ever.
‫For you to just understand how things are working underneath the hood, I believe, is an important
‫thing for you to do in order to become a great developer.
‫So hopefully this doesn't confuse you too much.
‫I'll see you in the next video.
‫Bye bye.